Autumn Garden Jobs That Make Spring Easier

Daffodils, crocuses, and alliums go in during early to mid-autumn; tulips can wait until later, when the soil has cooled. A general rule is to plant bulbs at two to three times their own depth.

Warm soil and autumn rain help new roots establish before winter, so plants are ready to grow away in spring. This is also a good time to divide overgrown perennial clumps.

Spread a thick layer of compost or well-rotted manure over empty beds. Worms will pull it into the soil over winter, improving structure and fertility without any digging.

Rake leaves off lawns and paths, but do not throw them away. Pile them in a wire cage or bag them with a few holes to make leaf mould — an excellent soil conditioner in a year or two. Leaving some leaves under hedges also gives wildlife shelter.

Move frost-tender plants into a greenhouse or indoors before the first frost. Raise containers onto pot feet so they drain, and wrap vulnerable pots to prevent cracking in freezing weather.